“…Parental involvement in neonatal pain management is an area that is receiving attention under neonatal pain care worldwide because parents can provide non-pharmacological pain management interventions (NPPMI) like therapeutic touch, kangaroo mother care, breast milk, containment or swaddling when their babies undergo painful procedures (Kyololo and Marete, 2014; Golianu et al., 2007). In Malawi, it was observed that involving parents in neonatal pain management is not practiced in most neonatal units as parents are routinely not involved during or after invasive procedures like lumbar puncture, therapeutic tapping, wound dressings, after a baby has undergone surgery and during collection of blood specimens. …”
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